Indice specialistico Infettivologia

Questa pagina contiene: Patogenesi Identificazione e sensibilità antibiotica Epidemiologia e prevenzione Trattamento Meccanismi di resistenza Cosa Bolle in Pentola L'importanza crescente degli enterococchi nella patologia umana ha costituito un notevole impulso allo sviluppo di metodiche per la loro identificazione, allo studio dell'epidemiologia, patogenesi e prevenzione delle infezioni enterococciche, alla sperimentazione di farmaci per il loro trattamento ; ecco un elenco di spunti per saperne di più. Patogenesi 1) Coque T.M., Seetulsingh P., Xu Y., Weinstock G.M., Murray B.E. : Incidence of hyaluronidase and of efaA and other genes coding for common Enterococcus faecalis antigenes among clinical isolates of enterococci. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract B13. 2) Maguire C., Noel G.J. : Opsonization via the alternative complement pathway (ACP) mediates interaction of enterococci with macrophages (Macs). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract B17 Identificazione e sensibilità antibiotica 1) Tenover F.C., Swenson J.M., O'Hara C.M., Stocker S.A. : Ability of commercial and reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect vancomycin resistance in enterococci. J Clin Microbiol, 1995 ; 33(6) : 1524-7. Commento : gli Autori confrontano 10 test commerciali per la determinazione della VRE confrontandoli con 4 metodi di riferimento. Emergono dallo studio le difficoltà dei sistemi automatizzati nell'identificare bassi livelli di resistenza. 2) O'Rourke S.V., Drost K.L., Reuben J. : A new method for the rapid detection of multiply resistant enterococci. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D30. 3) Varga-Delmore P., Kolbert C.P., Persing D.H. : Detection of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci by automated chemiluminescent DNA hybridization. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D32. 4) Sahm D.F., Smith C., Free L., Mundy L. : Use of a commercial agar for detection and characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D48b. 5) Tyrrell G.J., Bethune R.N., Willey B., Low D.E. : Species identification of enterococci using intergenic ribosomal polymerase chain reaction (I-PCR). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D77. 6) Descheemaeker P., Lammens C., Pott B., Vandamme P., Goossens H. : Evaluation of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and PCR based DNA typing for the identification of enterococci important in human medicine. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D85 7) Edberg S.C., Dembry L.M., Farrell P., Post L., Kontnick C., Hierholzer W.J. : Rapid detection test for vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) directly from human and environmental specimens. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D102 8) Touchie C., Tyrrell G.J., Drisdelle G.M., Haldane D.J., Forward K.R. : Evaluation of lim broth as a selective media for the detection of enterococcus species in stool. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract D103. 9) Tripodi MF., Rambaldi A., Locatell A., Rosario P., Utili R. : Effect of different media on the activity of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin association against high-level gentamicin resistant Enterococccus faecium. First International Meeting on the Therapy of Infections, Florence, November 27-30, 1996 ; Abstract A45. Epidemiologia e prevenzione 1) CDC issues recommendations for preventing spreading of vancomycin resistance. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 1995 ; 52(12) : 1272-4. 2) Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1995; 44(RR-12): 1-13. Commento : di fondamentale importanza per approntare le misure atte ad arginare la diffusione della vancomicino-resistenza. 3) Moreno F., Grota P., Crisp C., Magnon K., Melcher J.P., Jorgensen J.H., Patterson J.E. : Clinical and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium during its emergence in a city in southern Texas. Clin Infect Dis, 1995 ; 21 : 1234-7. 4) Edmond M.B., Ober J.F., Weinbaum D.L., Pfaller M.A., Hwang T., Sanford M.D., Wenzel R.P. : Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia : risk factor for infection. Clin Infect Dis, 1995 ; 20 : 1126-33. 5) Shay D.K., Maloney S.A., Montecalvo M., Banerjee S., Wormser G.P., Arduino M.J., Bland L.A., Jarvis W.R. : Epidemiology and mortality risk of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections. J Infect Dis, 1995 ; 172 : 993-1000. 6) Gordts B., Van Landuyt H., Ieven M., Vandamme P., Goossens H. : Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol, 1995 ; 33(11) : 2842-6. 7) Morris J.G., Shay D.K., Hebden J.M., McCarter R.J., Perdue B.E., Jarvis W., Johnson J.A., Dowling T.C., Polish L.B., Schwalbe R.S. : Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin. Ann Intern Med, 1995 ; 123 : 250-9. 8) Bonten M., Slaughter S., Hayden M., Nathan C., Van Voorhis J., Rice T., Weinstein R.A. : Patients' endogenous flora as a source of "nosocomial" vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J5. 9) Bonten M., Slaughter S., Hayden M., Nathan C., Weinstein R.A. : Characteristic of patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) who are sources for the spread of VRE. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J6. 10) Montecalvo M.A., Gedris C., Shay DE., Petrullo C., Uman J., Rodney K., Jarvis W.R., Wormser G.P. : A quantitative analysis of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in stool of hospitalized patients (P). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J7. 11) Bonten M., Slaughter S., Hayden M., Nathan C., Weinstein R.A. : The interaction among infection control compliance, prevalence of colonized patients, and risk of spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J9. 12) Weinstein M.R., Brunton J., Campbell I., McGeer A., Dedier H., Conly J. : Oral bacitracin and doxycycline for the eradication of stool colonization by vancomycin-resistant Enteroccoccus faecium (VREF). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J10. 13) Muñoz J.L., Li K., Reale M.R., Malik R.K., Gedric C., Carraher M., Dweck H.S., Montecalvo M.A. : Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) : control of extensive transmission : ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J11. 14) Bonten M., Slaughter S., Hayden M., Nathan C., Rice T., Weinstein R.A. : Stability of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) genotypes isolated from long-term colonized patients. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J14. 15) Stosor V., Postelnick M., Peterson L.R., Noskin G.A. : Enterococcus faecium bacteremia : does vancomycin resistance make a difference ? ICAAC, 1996, Abstract J34. Trattamento 1) Perri M.B., Chow J.W., Zervos M.J. : In vitro activity of sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin against multidrug-resistant enterococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 1993 ; 17(2) : 151-5. 2) Nicas T.I., Mullen D.L., Flokowitsch J.E., Preston D.A., Snider N.J., Stratford R.E., Cooper R.D.G. : Activities of the semisynthetic glycopeptide LY191145 against vancomycin-resistant enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1995 ; 39 : 2585-7. 3) Fraise A.P., Brenwald N., Andrews J.M., Wise R. : In-vitro activity of two glycylcyclines against enterococci resistant to other agents. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1995 ; 35(6) : 877-81. 4) Tajima T., Kobayashi M., Hata M., Negishi S., Kubota K., Iitsuka T., Hagiwara N., Kudou S., Nakayama T., Abe T. : Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on SY5555 in children. Jpn J Antibiot, 1995 ; 48(1) : 31-40. 5) Bartoloni A., Mantella A., Orsi A., Nicoletti P., Goldstein B.P., Denaro M., Paradisi F. : In vitro activity of MDL62,879 against Enterococcus faecalis with and without high-level aminoglycoside resistance. ICAAC, 1995, Abstract 1355. 6) Vouillamoz J., Entensa J.M., Giddey M., Glauser M.P., Moreillon P. : In vitro activity of Synercid (quinupristin/dalfopristin) (SYN) combined with other classes of antibiotics against vancomycin-susceptible (VS) E. faecalis and vancomycin-susceptible or -resistant (VR) E. faecium (VSEF and VREF). ICAAC, 1996, Abstract E8. 7) Coque T.M., Singh K.V., Murray B.D. : Assessment of the bactericidal activity of tovafloxacin, CP (99,129) against multiresistant strains of enterococci. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract E77. 8) Nicas T.I., Mullen D.L., Flokowitsch J.E., Preston D.A. : Bactericidal activity against enterococci of the semisynthetic glycopeptide LY333328. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract F198. 9) Donabedian S., Perri M.B., Thal L.A., Zervos M.J. : Comparative in-vitro and bactericidal activity of LY333328 against multi-drug resistant enterococci. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract F204. 10) Nepomuceno J., Case M., Pachucki C., Lentino J.R. : In vitro activity of oxazolidinones U-100592 and U-100766 against thirty-five isolates of vancomycin resistant enterococci. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract F231. 11) King A., May G., Phillips I. : In vitro activity of CL-331,928 (DMG.DMDOT) and CL-344,677 (DMG-MINO) against clinical isolates of resistant gram-positive cocci. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract F236. 12) Tripodi MF., Utili R., Rambaldi A., Locatell A., Rosario P., Florio A., Ruggiero G. : Unorthodox antibiotic combinations including ciprofloxacin against high-level gentamicin resistant enterococci. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1996 ; 37 : 727-36. Genetica e meccanismi di resistenza 1)Woodford N., Jones B.L., Baccus Z., Ludlam H.A., Brown D.F. : Linkage of vancomycin and high-level gentamicin resistance genes on the same plasmid in a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1995 ; 35(1) : 179-84. 2)Rosato A., Pierre J., Billot-Klein D., Buu-Hoi A., Gutmann L. : Inducible and constitutive expression of resistance to glycopeptides and vancomycin dependence in glycopepetide-resistant Enterococcus avium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1995 ; 39(4) : 830-3. 3)Woodford N., Johnson A.P., Morrison D., Speller D.C.E. : Current perspectives on glycopeptide resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev, 1995 ; 8(4) : 585-615. Commento : una review esauriente sulle conoscenze attuali relative alla resistenza ai glicopeptidi. 4)MacKinnon M.G., Drebot M., Tyrrell G.J. : A novel insertion sequence element in the vany gene of a VanA phenotypic Enterococcus faecium. ICAAC, 1996, Abstract C13.